High-pressure die casting is a process in which molten metal is forced under pressure into a securely locked metal die cavity, where it is held by a powerful press until the metal solidifies. After solidification of the metal, the die is unlocked, opened, and the casting ejected. After removal of th
1. IntroductionThe automotive industry has been at the forefront of technological advancements, continuously pushing the boundaries of efficiency, safety, and sustainability. Among the numerous manufacturing processes utilized, high-pressure die casting (HPDC) stands out as a pivotal technology for